Clima organizacional en la atención a pacientes con morbilidad materna extremadamente grave / Organizational climate in the care to patients with extremely severe maternal morbidity

Introducción: La comprensión del fenómeno organizacional es una necesidad en las organizaciones de servicios de salud. En hospitales, es particularmente importante. Las enfermedades durante el embarazo y el parto constituyen las principales causas de muerte entre las mujeres en edad reproductiva. Objetivos: Evaluar el clima organizacional durante el proceso obstétrico en relación con la atención a las pacientes con morbilidad materna extremadamente grave en el hospital ginecobstétrico provincial Julio Rafael Alfonso Medina de Matanzas. Método: Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal. Para lo cual se aplicó el instrumento denominado Evaluación del Clima Organizacional en Salud por Segredo (ECOS-S), el mismo se centró en el proceso de referencia enfocado a la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave en diferentes estratos, según las unidades organizacionales participantes. Las dimensiones estudiadas fueron: comportamiento organizacional, estructura organizacional y estilo de dirección en diferentes categorías. Resultados: La dimensión más afectada en las estimaciones puntuales fue estructura organizacional con 4,86 de promedio y el estrato salas de hospitalización (3,50); la categoría más afectada fue condiciones de trabajo con 3,64. La estimación puntual del clima organizacional global arroja un promedio de 53,4. Conclusiones: El clima organizacional de la atención a la morbilidad materna extremadamente grave corresponde a un rango inadecuado en salas de hospitalización. Todas las dimensiones, la mayor parte de las categorías estudiadas y el clima global, clasifican como clima organizacional en riesgo(AU)

Introduction: The understanding of the organizational phenomenon is a necessity in health service's organizations, especially in hospitals. The diseases during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading causes of death among women on reproductive ages. Objectives: To assess the organizational climate in the midwifery process in the care of patients with extremely severe maternal morbidity in Julio Rafael Alfonso Medina Gyneco-Obstetric Provincial Hospital of Matanzas province. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out. The climate assessment was made through the application of a tool called Assessment of the Organizational Climate in Health, by Segredo (ECOS-S, by its acronym in Spanish) that is focused in the reference process of extremely severe maternal morbidity in different strata according to some organizational units. The dimensions studied were: organizational behavior, organizational structure and management style in different categories. Results: The most affected dimension in the detailed estimations was Organizational Structure (average of 4,86) and of the stratum the one called Hospitalization Ward (3,50); the most affected category was Working Conditions (3,64). The estimates of the overall organizational climate showed an average of 53,4. Conclusions: The organizational climate of extremely severe maternal morbidity corresponds to an inappropriate range in Hospital Wards. All dimensions assessed, most of the categories studied and the global organizational climate are classified at risk(AU)

Saúde sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres seis meses após a vivência de um episódio de morbidade materna grave / Sexual and reproductive health of women six months after experiencing an episode of severe maternal morbidity

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da morbidade materna grave na saúde sexual e reprodutiva de mulheres seis meses após o evento. Estudo observacional, transversal, realizado em dois hospitais na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brasil: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto onde ficam internadas as puéperas que tiveram algum tipo de complicação na gestação (Grupo 1) e Centro de Referência em Saúde da Mulher, onde ficam internadas as puérperas de baixo risco gestacional (Grupo 2), totalizando 110 participantes, no período de maio de 2015 a agosto de 2016. A coleta de dados, a qual aconteceu da mesma forma nos dois hospitais, foi realizada em duas fases: a primeira correspondeu ao recrutamento das participantes enquanto ainda estavam internadas após o parto, onde foram obtidos os dados obstétricos, neonatais, sociodemográficos e reprodutivos diretamente do prontuário médico; a segunda ocorreu seis meses após a alta hospitalar das participantes, as quais foram contatadas via telefone para agendamento das visitas domiciliares, onde foram colhidos os dados sociodemográficos, econômicos, ginecológicos, obstétrico e os relacionados à saúde sexual, através do instrumento Female Sexual Function Index. Os dados foram analisados através do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences e R versão 3.1.2. Foram utilizadas análises univariada e bivariada com distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendência central, variabilidade dos dados, testes Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher, regressão beta inflacionada. No Grupo 1, a média de idade das mulheres foi de 30 anos, com prevalência da cor branca e a maioria solteira com relação ao estado civil, mas vivia junto com o companheiro há mais de 10 anos, enquanto no Grupo 2, a idade média foi de 27,1 anos com prevalência de cor parda, casada e com tempo de relacionamento entre dois e cinco anos. A escolaridade foi praticamente a mesma nos dois grupos, com uma média de 9,5 anos de estudo. Tanto no Grupo 1 quanto no Grupo 2, a maioria não fumava, nem fazia uso de drogas ilícitas ou bebidas alcoólicas. Enquanto no Grupo 1 a maioria havia feito cesárea, sendo 36,6% dos bebês nascidos prematuros, no Grupo 2, a maioria teve parto vaginal com apenas 7,2% dos bebês nascidos antes de 37 semanas. Das mulheres do Grupo 1, as morbidades materna grave mais frequentes foram as relacionadas aos distúrbios hipertensivos. Não houveram associações entre a ocorrência de morbidade materna grave e a predisposição à disfunção sexual, no entanto, em todos os domínios relacionados à função sexual (desejo, excitação, lubrificação, orgasmo, satisfação e dor), as mulheres do Grupo 2 tiveram melhores pontuações, no entanto com a regressão Beta inflacionada, foram encontradas associações entre os domínos orgasmo e a variável cor, domínio satisfação e a variável tempo de relacionamento e entre o domínio dor e a morbidade materna grave, demonstrando que esse grupo de mulheres sofre com dispareunia quando comparadas com as mulheres que não tiveram complicações na gestação

The objective of this study was to to evaluate the effects of severe maternal morbidity on sexual and reproductive health of women six months after the event. Cross-sectional observational study carried out in two hospitals in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil: Hospital of the Clinics of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, where the patients who had some kind of complication during pregnancy (Group 1) and Reference Center for Women's Health, where low-risk pregnancies (Group 2) are hospitalized, totaling 110 participants, from May 2015 to August 2016. Data collection, which occurred in the same way in both hospitals, was performed in two phases: the first corresponded to the recruitment of the participants while they were still hospitalized after delivery, where the obstetric, neonatal, sociodemographic and reproductive data were obtained directly from the medical record; the second occurred six months after the patients were discharged from the hospital, who were contacted by telephone to schedule home visits, where socio-demographic, economic, gynecological, obstetrical and sexual health data were collected through the Female Sexual Function Index . The data were analyzed through the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and R version 3.1.2. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were used with absolute and relative frequency distributions, central tendency measures, data variability, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests, inflated beta regression. In Group 1, the average age of the women was 30 years, with white prevalence and the majority single in relation to the marital status, but lived with the partner for more than 10 years, while in Group 2, the average age was 27.1 years old, with a prevalence of brown, married and with a relationship between two and five years. Schooling was practically the same in both groups, with an average of 9.5 years of study. In both Group 1 and Group 2, most did not smoke, nor did they use illicit drugs or alcoholic beverages. While in Group 1 the majority had delivered cesarean, with 36.6% of babies born preterm in Group 2, the majority had vaginal delivery with only 7.2% of babies born before 37 weeks. Of the women in Group 1, the most frequent severe maternal morbidities were those related to hypertensive disorders. However, in all domains related to sexual function (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain), there were no associations between the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity and the predisposition to sexual dysfunction, the women in Group 2 had better scores However, with inflated beta regression, associations were found between domains orgasm and color variable, satisfaction domain and time relationship variable, and between pain domain and severe maternal morbidity, demonstrating that this group of women suffers from dyspareunia when compared with women who had no complications during pregnancy

The effect of maternal near miss on adverse infant nutritional outcomes

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between self-reported maternal near miss and adverse nutritional status in children under one year of age. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of a study in which women who took their children under one year of age to the national vaccine campaign were interviewed. The self-reported condition of maternal near miss used the criteria of Intensive Care Unit admission; eclampsia; blood transfusion and hysterectomy; and their potential associations with any type of nutritional disorder in children, including deficits in weight-for-age, deficits in height-for-age, obesity and breastfeeding. The rates of near miss for the country, regions and states were initially estimated. The relative risks of infant adverse nutritional status according to near miss and maternal/childbirth characteristics were estimated with their 95% CIs using bivariate and multiple analyses. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of near miss was 2.9% and was slightly higher for the Legal Amazon than for other regions. No significant associations were found with nutritional disorders in children. Only a 12% decrease in overall maternal breastfeeding was associated with near miss. Living in the countryside and child over 6 months of age increased the risk of altered nutritional status by approximately 15%, while female child gender decreased this risk by 30%. Maternal near miss was not associated with an increased risk of any alteration in infant nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between maternal near miss and altered nutritional status in children up to one year of age. The risk of infant adverse nutritional status was greater in women living in the countryside, for children over 6 months of age and for male gender.

Near miss e mulheres negras / Near miss and black women

Resumo Introdução: A mortalidade materna apresenta grande diferença entre os países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento e espelha a qualidade da assistência prestada à saúde da mulher. Para evidenciar melhor essa assistência, novos métodos de estudo vêm sendo utilizados, entre eles a investigação das morbidades maternas graves - near misses. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco para ocorrência de near miss nas diferentes raças/cores das mulheres residentes em três municípios da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Método: Estudo descritivo. Resultados: Na análise multivariada, identificou-se ser as variáveis idade (p=0,0321 com OR 3,08 e IC 95% 1,10-8,65), doenças associadas (p=0,0018 com OR 4,06 e IC 95% 1,61-10,24) e causa de internação (p=<0,0001 com OR 8,75 e IC 95% 3,36-22,75) os fatores de risco para near miss; o OR foi estimado com base no modelo multivariado. Já a variável cor não foi identificada como sendo fator de risco para near miss (p=0,8964) na presença das demais variáveis. Conclusões: Evidenciou-se, no estudo, a necessidade de aprofundar a análise em pesquisas sobre ocorrência de near miss e cor da variável idade e outras causas de internação para mulheres brancas, e a paridade/número de gestações e presença de doenças crônicas ou associadas para as mulheres negras, assim como a instituição de outros parâmetros de análise como as transferências e reinternações.

Abstract Introduction: Maternal mortality shows big difference between developed and developing countries and reflects the quality of care provided to women's health. To better demonstrate this, new service study methods have been used, including the investigation of serious maternal morbidity - near misses. Objective: To analyze the risk factors for the occurrence of near miss in different race/color, women living in three municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Method: A descriptive study. Results: In multivariate analysis, we identified the variables age (p=0.0321 with OR 3.08 and CI 95% 1.10 to 8.65), associated diseases (p=0.0018 with OR 4.06 and 95% CI 1.61 to 10.24 ) and cause of hospitalization (p=<0.0001 with OR 8.75 and 95% CI 3.36 to 22.75) as risk factors for near miss; OR estimated based on the multivariate model. The color variable was not identified as a risk factor for near miss (p=0.8964) in the presence of other variables. Conclusions: The study showed the need for further analysis in studies on the occurrence of near miss and color of the variable age and other causes of hospitalization for white women and the rate/number of pregnancies and the presence of chronic or associated diseases for black women as well as the imposition of other analysis parameters such as transfers and readmissions.

Óbitos fetais e neonatais entre casos de near miss materno / Fetal and neonatal deaths among cases of maternal near miss

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência dos óbitos fetais e neonatais entre as pacientes com near miss materno e os fatores associados a esse desfecho fatal. MÉTODOS: Realizou-seumestudo descritivo, tipo corte transversal, analisando-se prontuários das pacientes admitidas na UTI obstétrica de um hospital terciário do Recife (Brasil), entre janeiro de 2007 e dezembro de 2010, que apresentavam pelo menos um critério de near miss definido pela OMS. A análise estatística foi realizada com o programa Epi-Info 3.3.2, usando os testes Qui-quadrado de associação e exato de Fisher, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Para análise multivariada foi construído um modelo hierarquizado tendo como variável resposta os óbitos fetais e neonatais. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 246 casos de near miss. Entre as mulheres do estudo, os distúrbios hipertensivos ocorreram em 62,7%, a síndrome HELLP em 41,2% e os critérios laboratoriais de near miss em 59,6%. Ocorreram 48 (19,5%) óbitos fetais e 19 (7,7%) óbitos neonatais. Após a análise estatística as variáveis que permaneceram associadas aos óbitos fetais e neonatais foram: pré-eclâmpsia grave, DPP, endometrite, cesariana, prematuridade e os critérios laboratoriais de near miss materno. CONCLUSÃO: É elevada a ocorrência de óbitos fetais e neonatais entre as pacientes com near miss materno. Entre essas mulheres há uma sobreposição de fatores que contribuem para esse desfecho fatal, em nosso estudo aquelas que apresentaram pré-eclâmpsia grave, DPP, endometrite, parto prematuro ou critérios laboratoriais apresentam associação positiva com os óbitos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of fetal and neonatal deaths among patients with maternal near miss and the factors associated with this fatal outcome. METHODS: The authors conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional, analyzing medical records of patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary obstetric Recife (Brazil), between January 2007 and December 2010, who had at least one criterion of near miss defined by WHO. Statistical analysis was performed with Epi-Info 3.3.2, using chi-square and Fisher's exact test, considering a significance level of 5%. For multivariate analysis was constructed as a hierarchical model with the response variable fetal and neonatal deaths. RESULTS: We included 246 cases of maternal near miss. Among women in the study, hypertensive disorders occurred in 62.7% to 41.2% in HELLP syndrome and the laboratory criteria for near miss in 59.6%. There were 48 (19.5%) stillbirths and 19 (7.7%) neonatal deaths. After analyzing the variables that remained statistically associated with fetal and neonatal deaths were: severe preeclampsia, placental abruption, endometritis, cesarean delivery, prematurity and the laboratory criteria for maternal near miss. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of fetal and neonatal deaths among patients with maternal near miss. Among these women there is an overlap of factors contributing to this fatal outcome, in our study, those who had severe preeclampsia, placental abruption, endometritis, premature birth or laboratory criteria positively associated with deaths.

Maternidade segura no Brasil: o longo percurso para a efetivação de um direito / Safe motherhood in Brazil: the long road to the realization of a right

A mortalidade materna é uma questão complexa e permanece sendo um grave problema de saúde pública. Este artigo se propõe a olhar esse fenômeno sob a ótica do direito à saúde, destacando que a opção por trazer a discussão para o campo dos direitos humanos proporcionou a ampliação de sua explicação e uma apresentação mais clara à sociedade. É apresentada breve trajetória da inserção desse tema na agenda política global, explorando algumas iniciativas internacionais e nacionais. O quadro atual da mortalidade materna no Brasil é apenas a face mais visível da precariedade da atenção à saúde das mulheres. A situação se agrava quando são considerados os casos de morbidade materna grave, que afeta um expressivo número de mulheres. Apesar das iniciativas para a efetivação do direito à maternidade segura, ainda são poucos os avanços, e a sociedade deve exigir que o Estado reverta o quadro de injustiça contra as mulheres.

Maternal mortality is a complex issue and remains a serious public health problem. This paper aims to look at this phenomenon from the perspective of the right to health, noting that the option for bringing the discussion to the field of human rights provided an extension of its explanation and a clearer presentation to society. It presents brief history of the insertion of this theme in the global policy agenda, exploring national and international initiatives. The current situation of maternal mortality in Brazil is just the most visible face of the precariousness of the health care of women. The situation worsens when cases of severe maternal morbidity are considered, which affects a significant number of women. Despite the initiatives for the realization of the right to safe motherhood, there are few advances, and society must require the State to reverse the injustice against women.